Wararka - Falanqaynta dhibaatada isku xidhka tamarta naaftada iyo kaydinta tamarta

Halkan waxaa ah sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo Ingiriisi ah oo ku saabsan afarta arrimood ee asaasiga ah ee ku saabsan isku xidhka qalabka dhaliya naaftada iyo hababka kaydinta tamarta. Nidaamka tamarta isku-dhafka ah (oo inta badan loo yaqaan "Diesel + Storage" microgrid hybrid) waa xal horumarsan oo lagu hagaajinayo waxtarka, yaraynta isticmaalka shidaalka, iyo hubinta sahayda korantada ee deggan, laakiin xakamayntiisu aad bay u adag tahay.

Dulmarka Arrimaha Muhiimka ah

Dhibaatada Korantada ee 100ms: Sida looga hortago kaydinta tamarta tamarta dib-u-quudinta matooriyaha naaftada, si loo ilaaliyo.
Soosaarka Korontada Joogtada ah: Sida loo ilaaliyo mishiinka naaftada in uu si joogto ah ugu shaqeeyo aagga waxtarka sare leh.
Goynta degdega ah ee kaydinta tamarta: Sida loo maareeyo saamaynta marka nidaamka kaydinta tamarta uu si lama filaan ah uga dhaco shabakada.
Dhibaatada Korantada Falcelinta: Sida la iskugu xidho qaybsiga tamarta falcelinta ee labada ilood si loo hubiyo xasiloonida danab

1. Dhibaatada Korontada ee 100ms

Sharaxaada Dhibaatada:
Awoodda rogaal celiska ahi waxay dhacdaa marka tamarta korontodu ay ka soo baxdo nidaamka kaydinta tamarta (ama rarka) dib ugu soo jeedda qalabka dhaliya naaftada. Matoorka naaftada, kani wuxuu u dhaqmaa sida "mootada," wadista mishiinka. Tani aad bay khatar u tahay waxayna keeni kartaa:

Burburka Makaanikada: Wadista matoorka ee aan caadiga ahayn waxay dhaawici kartaa qaybaha sida shafka iyo isku xidhka ulaha.
Xasilooni la'aanta nidaamka: Waxay sababtaa isbedbedelka xawaaraha injiinka naaftada (frequency) iyo danab, taasoo keeni karta in la xiro.

Shardiga ah in lagu xalliyo 100ms gudahooda ayaa jira sababtoo ah matoorayaasha naaftada waxay leeyihiin firfircooni farsamo oo waaweyn iyo nidaamyada maamulida xawaaraha waxay si tartiib tartiib ah uga jawaabaan (sida caadiga ah habka isku xigxiga). Iskuma hallayn karaan inay si dhakhso ah u xakameeyaan socodka korantada. Hawsha waa in lagu maamulaa habka aadka u dhaqsaha badan ee ka jawaabaya Habka Beddelka Awooda (PCS) ee nidaamka kaydinta tamarta.

Xalka:

Mabaadi'da Muhiimka ah: "Dhismaha Diesel, kaydinta ayaa raacda." Nidaamka oo dhan, dab-dhaliyaha naaftada ayaa u dhaqma sidii tamarta iyo isha tixraaca soo noqnoqda (tusaale ahaan, qaabka xakamaynta V/F), oo la mid ah "grid." Nidaamka kaydinta tamarta waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa Habka Xakamaynta Awooda Joogtada ah (PQ), halkaas oo awoodeeda wax soo saarku ay ku xidhan tahay amarada ka imanaya maamulaha sare.
Xakamaynta macquulka ah:
1. Kormeerka-waqtiga-dhabta ah: kantaroolaha sare ee nidaamka (ama kaydinta PCS lafteeda) ayaa kormeera awoodda wax-soo-saarka (P_Naafto) iyo jihada dhalisa naaftada wakhtiga dhabta ah ku socda xawaare aad u sarreeya (tusaale, kumanaan jeer ilbiriqsikii).
2. Dejinta Awoodda: Goobta korantada ee nidaamka kaydinta tamartaP_set) waa in uu qanciyaa:P_load(wadarta guud ee awoodda culayska) =P_Naafto+P_set.
3. Isku hagaajin degdeg ah: Marka rarku si lama filaan ah u yaraado, oo keenayaP_NaaftoSi uu u noqdo mid taban, kontarooluhu waa in uu dhawr millise ilbiriqsi gudahood u soo diraa amar PCS-ga kaydinta si uu isla markiiba u dhimo awoodiisa dheecaanka ama uu u wareego awoodda wax-ka-qaadista (dallacaadda). Tani waxay nuugtaa tamarta dheeraadka ah ee baytariyada, hubintaP_Naaftoayaa weli ah mid togan.
Ilaalada Farsamada:
- Isgaarsiinta Xawaaraha Sare: Nidaamyada isgaarsiinta xawaaraha sare leh (tusaale, baska CAN, Ethernet degdega ah) ayaa looga baahan yahay inta u dhexeysa kantaroolaha naaftada, PCS-ga kaydinta, iyo kantaroolaha sare ee nidaamka si loo xaqiijiyo daahitaanka amarka ugu yar.
- Jawaabta Degdegga ah ee PCS: Unugyada kaydinta casriga ah ee PCS waxay leeyihiin waqtiyo jawaab celin ka badan 100ms, inta badan 10ms gudahooda, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay si buuxda u awoodaan inay buuxiyaan shuruudahan.
- Ilaalinta Joogtada ah: Marka laga soo tago isku xirka kontoroolka, gudbinta ilaalinta korantada ee rogaal celiska ah ayaa inta badan lagu rakibaa wax soo saarka naaftada sida caqabada ugu dambeysa ee hardware. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiga shaqadu waxa uu noqon karaa dhawr boqol oo millise seconds, markaa waxa ay ugu horrayn u adeegtaa sida ilaalinta kaydinta; Ilaalinta degdegga ah ee asaasiga ahi waxay ku tiirsan tahay nidaamka xakamaynta.

2. Korontada Joogtada ah

Sharaxaada Dhibaatada:
Matoorada Diesel waxay ku shaqeeyaan waxtarka ugu sarreeya ee shidaalka iyo qiiqa ugu hooseeya ee u dhexeeya culeys dhan 60% -80% ee awooddooda la qiimeeyay. Culayska hooseeyaa wuxuu keenaa "isku-duubni qoyan" iyo ururinta kaarboon, halka rarka sarreeya uu si weyn u kordhiyo isticmaalka shidaalka oo uu yareeyo cimriga. Hadafku waa in naaftada laga go'doomiyo isbedbedelka culeyska, iyadoo lagu ilaalinayo mid xasiloon meel si hufan loo dejiyo.

Xalka:

Istaraatiijiyada Xakamaynta "Xiridda ugu sarreysa iyo Buuxinta Dooxada":
1. Dejinta Saldhigga: Dab-dhaliye naaftada waxa lagu shaqeeyaa koronto joogto ah oo lagu dejiyay barta ugu waxtarka badan (tusaale, 70% tamarta la qiimeeyay).
2. Xeerka Kaydinta:
  - Marka Load Demand> Naaftada Dejinta: Awoodda liidataP_load - P_diesel_set) waxaa lagu kabaa habka kaydinta tamarta.
  - Marka Load Demand < Diesel Setpoint: Awoodda xad-dhaafka ahP_diesel_set - P_load) waxaa nuuga nidaamka kaydinta tamarta ku dallacaadda.
Faa'iidooyinka nidaamka:
- Matoorka naaftada waxa uu si joogto ah ugu shaqeeyaa hawlkarnimo aad u saraysa, si habsami leh, cimrigiisana u kordhiya oo dhimaysa kharashaadka dayactirka.
- Nadaamka kaydinta tamarta ayaa soo saarta isbedbedelka culeyska ba'an, isaga oo ka hortagaya waxtar la'aanta iyo xirashada ay keento isbeddelada culeyska naaftada ee joogtada ah.
- Guud ahaan isticmaalka shidaalka si weyn ayaa loo dhimay.

3. Xidhiidhka degdega ah ee Kaydinta tamarta

Sharaxaada Dhibaatada:
Nidaamka kaydinta tamarta ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si lama filaan ah khadka uga dhaco sababtoo ah batteriga oo xumaaday, cillad PCS, ama safarrada ilaalinta. Awoodii hore loogu maamuli jiray kaydinta (haddii ay dhalinayso ama ha qaadanayso) isla markiiba waxa lagu wareejiyaa gabi ahaanba mishiinka naaftada, taas oo abuuraysa shoog koronto oo weyn.

Khatarta:

Haddii kaydinta ay daynaysay (taageeraysa rarka), goynteedu waxa ay u gudbisaa culayska buuxa ee naaftada, taas oo keeni karta culays xad dhaaf ah, soo noqnoqoshada (xawaaraha) hoos u dhaca, iyo xidhitaanka ilaalinta.
Haddii kaydku ku dallacay (nuugayay awood xad-dhaaf ah), goyntiisu waxay ka tagtaa awoodda dheeraadka ah ee naaftada oo aan lahayn meel loo tago, taasoo keeni karta koronto rogan iyo koronto, sidoo kale waxay kicisaa xidhidh.

Xalka:

Kaydka Dhaanta Naaftada: Dab-dhaliye naaftada waa in aan lagu cabbirin oo keliya barta waxtarkeeda ugu fican. Waa in ay leedahay awood firaaqo ah oo firfircoon. Tusaale ahaan, haddii culeyska nidaamka ugu badan uu yahay 1000kW naaftadana ay ku socoto 700kW, awoodda naaftada lagu qiimeeyay waa in ay ka badan tahay 700kW
Xakamaynta Xamuulka Degdega ah:
1. Nidaamka Kormeerka-waqtiga-dhabta ah: Si joogto ah ula socda heerka iyo socodka awoodda nidaamka kaydinta.
2. Cilladda ogaanshaha: Marka la ogaado goynta kaydinta degdega ah, kontaroolaha sayidku wuxuu isla markiiba u soo dirayaa calaamada dhimista culayska degdega ah kantaroolaha naaftada.
3. Jawaabta Naaftada: Kantaroolaha naaftada ayaa isla markaaba u dhaqma (tusaale, si degdeg ah u yareeya duritaanka shidaalka) si uu isugu dayo in uu hoos u dhigo awooda si uu ula jaan qaado rarka cusub. Awooda kaydka wareega ahi waxay iibsataa wakhti jawaabtan farsamaysan ee gaabis ah.
Dalxiistii Ugu Dambeysey: Daadista Load: Haddii shoogga korontadu uu aad u weyn yahay si uu naaftada u xamili karo, ilaalinta ugu kalsoonida badan waa in la daadiyo culeysyo aan muhim ahayn, iyada oo mudnaanta la siinayo badbaadada culeysyada muhiimka ah iyo koronto-dhaliye laftiisa. Nidaamka rarka daadinta ayaa ah shuruudaha ilaalinta lagama maarmaanka u ah naqshadeynta nidaamka.

4. Dhibaatada Awoodda Falcelinta

Sharaxaada Dhibaatada:
Awood falcelineed ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhiso dhul magnetic waxayna muhiim u tahay ilaalinta xasilloonida korantada ee nidaamyada AC. Koronto dhaliyaha naaftada iyo PCS-ga labadaba waxay u baahan yihiin inay ka qaybqaataan nidaaminta tamarta falcelinta.

Generator Diesel: Waxa uu xakameyaa soo saarida tamarta falcelinta iyo danab iyada oo hagaajinaysa xamaasadkeeda. Awoodeeda falcelintu waa xadidan tahay, jawaabteeduna waa mid gaabis ah.
Kaydinta PCS: Inta badan cutubyada PCS-ga casriga ahi waa afar afar-geesood, taasoo la macno ah inay si madaxbannaan oo degdeg ah u duri karaan ama u nuugi karaan awoodda fal-celinta (waa haddii aanay ka badnayn qiyaasta kVA ee muuqata).

Caqabada: Sida loo isku xidho labadaba si loo hubiyo xasilloonida korantada nidaamka iyada oo aan la xad-dhaafin hal unug.

Xalka:

Xeeladaha Xakamaynta:
1. Voltage Maamulada Naaftada: Qalabka dhaliyaha naaftada waxaa lagu dejiyay qaabka V/F, mas'uul ka ah sameynta tamarta nidaamka iyo tixraaca soo noqnoqda. Waxay bixisaa "ilo danab" deggan.
2. Kaydinta Waxay ka Qaybqaadataa Xeerka Falcelinta (Ikhtiyaarka):
  - Qaabka PQ: Kaydinta waxa ay qabataa oo kaliya awooda firfircoon (P), oo leh awood falcelineed (Q) meel eber ah. Naaftada ayaa bixisa dhammaan awoodda falcelinta. Tani waa habka ugu fudud laakiin culeyska naaftada.
  - Habka Diritaanka Korontada Falcelinta: Maamulaha maamulaha nidaamka wuxuu soo diraa amarada awoodda falcelintaQ_set) kaydinta PCS ku salaysan xaaladaha danab hadda. Haddii korantada nidaamku yar yahay, amar kaydinta si loo durayo awoodda falcelinta; haddii uu sareeyo, ku amar inuu nuugo awoodda falcelinta. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa culayska naaftada, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay diiradda saarto wax soo saarka tamarta firfircoon, iyada oo la siinayo xasilinta korantada ee fiican oo degdeg ah.
  - Qaabka Xakamaynta Awooda Cunsurka (PF): Awood la beegsanayo (tusaale, 0.95) ayaa la dejiyay, kaydintuna si toos ah ayay u habaynaysaa wax soo saarkeeda falcelis ahaan si ay u ilaaliso tamarta guud ee joogtada ah ee mashiinnada naaftada.
Tixgelinta Awoodda: Kaydinta PCS-ga waa in lagu cabbiraa iyadoo leh awood muuqata oo muuqata (kVA). Tusaale ahaan, 500kW PCS oo soo saara 400kW oo awood firfircoon ah ayaa bixin karta ugu badnaansqrt (500² - 400²) = 300kVaree awoodda falcelinta. Haddii dalabka tamarta falcelinta ay sareeyso, PCS weyn ayaa loo baahan yahay.

Soo koobid

Si guul leh loo gaadho isku xidhka xasiloon ee ka dhexeeya dab dhaliyaha naaftada iyo kaydinta tamarta oo ku xidhan xakamaynta kala sareynta:

Lakabka Hardware: Dooro PCS kaydinta jawaabaha degdega ah iyo kontoreeyaha naaftada oo leh isgaarsiin xawaare sare leh.
Lakabka xakamaynta: Shaqaalayso naqshadaynta aasaasiga ah ee "Diesel sets V/F, Kaydinta waxay samaysaa PQ." Xakamaynta nidaamka xawaaraha sare leh waxay fulisaa koronto dirista waqtiga-dhabta ah ee awoodda firfircoon "xiirashada ugu sarreysa / buuxinta dooxada" iyo taageerada tamarta falcelinta.
Lakabka Ilaalinta: Naqshadaynta nidaamku waa inay ku jirtaa qorshooyin ilaalin oo dhammaystiran: ilaalinta awoodda beddelka, ilaalinta culayska xad-dhaafka ah, iyo xakamaynta rarka (xitaa rarka daadinta) xeeladaha lagu maareeyo xidhidhka degdega ah ee kaydinta.

Iyadoo loo marayo xalalka kor lagu sharraxay, afarta arrimood ee muhiimka ah ee aad soo bandhigtay si wax ku ool ah ayaa looga hortagi karaa si loo dhiso nidaam awood isku-dhafan oo kaydinta tamarta naaftada iyo tamarta naaftada si hufan, deggan.